Philip w



(No Model.)

P. W. MAGKENZIE. PROCESS of' MANUFACTURING ILLUMINATING SAS.

Patented Aug. 26, 1890.

hwg/M1073' Win/wwf; 0MM

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

PHILIP IV. MACKENZIE, OE NElV YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE FUEL GAS AND LIGHT IMPROVEMENT COMPANY OF AMERICA, OF SAME PLACE.

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING 4ILLUMINATING-GAS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 435,071, dated August 26, 1890. Application filed December 7, 1889. Serial No. 332,943. (No specimens.)

.To all wwm t may concern.'

Be it known that I, PHILIP W MAGKENZIE, of New York, in the county and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Processes for the Manufacture of Illuminating-Gas, of which the following is a specification.v

My invention relates to a process for the manufacture of illuminating-gas from liquid hydrocarbon water in the form of steam and oxygen or air, which gas consists particularly of hydrogen, carbonio oxide, marsh-gas, and carbon.

I will describe in detail a process embodying my improvement, and then point out the :novel features in the claim, the accompanying drawings illustrating a convenient method for carrying the same into effect.

In the accompanying` drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical section of apparatus embodying my improvement. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken on the line a: Qc, Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken on the line y y, Fig. 1.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.

`A designates the main shell or body of the apparatus. yAs shown, this shell is. cylindrical, and it Inay be made of Inetal. Within the shell A, and forming a lining a therefor, is placed lire-bricks or any other suitable refractory material of any desired thickness. In the lower portion of the body there is formed a chamber B, into which chamber the permanent gas, after having been manufactured, is received, and from which it may be discharged through an outletpipe b, provided with a suitable Valve b. I have shown as extending from the pipe b a stack b2, provided 'with a valve or damper h3. Above the chamber B is an evaporator and superheater O. This evaporator and superheater comprises, as here shown, a number of vertically-extending cylindrical tubes c, a sufficient number of such tubes being employed to nearly fill the space in which they are inclosed by the refractory material u. All of the tubes are inclosed in a cylindrical shell C', which shell is provided with a tube-sheet at both its upper and lower ends. The tubes c extend through said tube-sheets and are secured therein. I have shown the shell C as supported near its lower end 4upon a plate O2, which plate is in turn secured in the refractory material d. Surrounding the shell C, but stopping shortof the lower end of said shell, is a casing of refractory material C3, an annu-lar space (J4 being left between the refractory material C3 and the refractory material ct. Refractory material G5 also extends 6o over the upper end of the evaporator and superheater C. The refractory material G5, however, constitutes in effect a tube-sheet, as will be presently described. The lower endl of the refractory material C3 is supported, as shown, 65 upon an annular iange C6, extending about the shell C and secured to the latter. Each of the tubes c is internally1 lined with refractory material c', which material may be of fire-clay, and is of course tubular. These 7o linings of refractory material do not extend wholly to the lower ends of the tubes c, but their upper ends extend beyond the upper ends of the tubes c and through the apertures in the tube-sheet formed by the refractory material C5. The lower ends of the refractory linings c are supported upon metallic thimbles or cages c2, which thimbles or cages are driven into the lower ends of the tubes c. The tubes open at their lower ends 8o into the chamber B and at their upper ends into a chamber Gaseous products in a highly-heated condition pass downwardly through the tubes c. The internal linings of refractory material protect the tubes and prevent their being quickly burned out while the refractory material C3 C5 protects the shell C. The bottom of the shell O forms also the bottom of a receptacle for hydrocarbon oils. Such oils are admitted through a pipe 9o C7 provided with a cock c7. The pipe C7 eX- tends upwardly for a considerable distance inside the receptacle. A pipe C8 also extends into the receptacle, but terminates at its upper end at a lower level than the upper end of the pipe C7. The pipe CS is provided with a cock cs. A pipe C, provided with a cock c, also opens into said receptacle, but terminates at its upper end at a lower level than the upper end of the pipe CS. As the volatile roo oils which have thus sunk down will takeplace, wherein a still heavier oil, together with heavy residual products--such as tar, &c.- will sink to a still lower level. Thus there will be three bodies of oil in the receptacle, the upper or lighter, whichV is being volatilized, the second or lower ,stratum of heavy lubricating-oil, and the third, a still lower stratum of still heavier oil and residual products. The rst of the lubricating-oils may vbe drawn off through the pipe C8, while the lower stratum of heavy oils and residual products may be drawn off through the pipe C. By this means I am enabled to separate the oils and residual products consituting byproducts in the manufacture of gas. These by-products may be treated subsequently for the different elements contained. The evaporation of hydrocarbon oil in the superheater, which may be utilized in the manufacture of gas, equals about seventy to ninety per cent., and the remaining portion, about ten to thirty per cent., would be taken away as byproducts, as above stated. Hydrocarbon oil delivered into the receptacle iills or partly Iills the space between the lower ends of the refractory linings c and the bottom of the shell C, and when evaporated passes upwardly through the spaces in the shell C', which are intermediate of the tubes c, in manner about to be described.

D designates a converter or decomposingchamber located'in the upper portion of the case orbody of the apparatus. This converter is covered by a top or crown of suiiicient thickness to prevent loss of heat by radiation, and is provided with an outlet d upon its upper side, which may be closed by a cap or cover d. Into the converter D, I inject a mixture of liquid hydrocarbon, superheated steam, and oxygen or air. I prefer to introduce this mixture by means of an injector, comprising a pipe d2, provided with a cock C17. The steam is preferably superheated. Vith the injector communicates a pipe d3, provided with a cock d8, and through which the liquid hydrocarbon is drawn by the entering steam. At the same time oxygen or air in suitable quantities is drawn in through a pipe d4, in which is a cock The mixing of the hydrocarbon, steam, and air or oxygen occurs outside the converter D, and enters the latter through an opening or tuyere d6 in a thoroughly-mixed condition.

In starting the apparatus the cover d is raised and the mixed hydrocarbon, steam, and

air or oxygen is ignited. When thoroughly ignited, the cover d is closed and combustion then takes place in the converter. The intensely-heated products of combustion pass downwardly through a contracted neck or passage E, forming a mixing-chamber and located about centrally in the bottom of the converter and communicating at its lower'end with the` chamber B5 about the evaporator and superheater C. At this time the valve b in the pipe Z) is closed and the valve or damper h3 in the stack b2 is open. The products of combustion from the chamber F pass downwardly through the tube c, thence into the chamber B below the evaporator and superheater, from which theyare carried oit through the stack b2. This preliminary operation is for the purpose of thoroughly heating the con-- verter D and the evaporator and superheater C, and in carrying it out Iprefer to use only a limited amount of steam and a certain amount of hydrocarbon.

A proper degree of heat having been ob-` tained, I somewhat increase the supply of steam and liquid hydrocarbon. Liquid hydrocarbon is at this time admitted through the pipe C7 to the receptacle in any desired quantity. por then passes upwardly about the tubes c, and thence through a pipe G, provided with a cock g, into a vapor-chamber G', surrounding the mixing-chamber E and communicat ing with the latter through a number of openn ings or tuyeres g. The mixing-chamber E and vapor-chamber G constitute in eiect a car* bureter and carbonizer, whereby the lean gas from the converter or decomposing-chamber is enriched by the hot hydrocarbon vapors from the evaporator and superheater.

In the converter D the oxygen or the oxygen of the air and steam combine with the carbon of the liquid hydrocarbon to produce combustion and decomposition, thereby liberating the hydrogen from the steam and hydrocarbon by decomposition, whereby carbonic acid and hydrogen are produced. Additional carbon or hydrocarbon admitted through the pipe d3 absorbs the oxygen from the carbonio acid, thereby forming carbonio oxide. It' this additional carbon or hydrocarbon were not thus introduced, however, the carbonio acid would be absorbed while the gas from the converter was passing through the mixing-chamber E, thereby producing the same result. The highly-superheated carbon vapors from the evaporator and superheater are delivered in iine jets thro ugh the passages or tuyeres g into the hydrogen and carbonio oxide descending from the converter. The hydrocarbon vapor, by being thus thrown in atomized contact with those gases while they are incandescent or at a very high temperature, undergoes destructive distillation and is converted into a permanent gas. The highly-superheatedcarbon vapor may be taken from the pipe C directly into the pipe da and the supply of liquid hy drocarbon cut oit from the pipe d3, if desired. The only supply of carbon will then be the vapor. When nitrogen is present or produced, as when air is used, it is neutralized by the hydrocarbon. The permanent gas is conveyed away through the pipe b, the valve The superheated hydrocarbon van IIO b being of course open and the valve or damper d3 of the stack being closed, and is there washed, scrubbed, purified, and otherwise treated in the usual manner. More than one injector for introducing hydrocarbon and oxygen or air to the chamber D may be used, if desired.

Although I have represented the apparatus as extending vertically so that products of combustion pass downwardly, it might of course be arranged in other positions and such products be otherwise directed.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The process of manufacturing gas, consistspecified.

PHILIP W. MACKENZIE. Witnesses:

FREDK. I-IAYNES, D. H. HAY'wooD. 

